Vaccine-carditis study: Spanish multicenter registry of inflammatory heart disease after COVID-19 vaccination.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have been a major scientific and medical achievement in the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, very infrequent cases of inflammatory heart disease have been described as adverse events, leading to uncertainty in the scientific community and in the general population. METHODS: The Vaccine-Carditis Registry has included all cases of myocarditis and pericarditis diagnosed within 30 days after COVID-19 vaccination since August 1, 2021 in 29 centers throughout the Spanish territory. The definitions of myocarditis (probable or confirmed) and pericarditis followed the consensus of the Centers for Disease Control and the Clinical Practice Guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology. A comprehensive analysis of clinical characteristics and 3-month evolution is presented. RESULTS: From August 1, 2021, to March 10, 2022, 139 cases of myocarditis or pericarditis were recorded (81.3% male, median age 28 years). Most cases were detected in the 1st week after administration of an mRNA vaccine, the majority after the second dose. The most common presentation was mixed inflammatory disease (myocarditis and pericarditis). 11% had left ventricular systolic dysfunction, 4% had right ventricular systolic dysfunction, and 21% had pericardial effusion. In cardiac magnetic resonance studies, left ventricular inferolateral involvement was the most frequent pattern (58%). More than 90% of cases had a benign clinical course. After a 3-month follow-up, the incidence of adverse events was 12.78% (1.44% mortality). CONCLUSIONS: In our setting, inflammatory heart disease after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 predominantly affects young men in the 1st week after the second dose of RNA-m vaccine and presents a favorable clinical course in most cases.

Análisis de la adherencia a medio plazo tras la realización de un programa de rehabilitación cardiaca / Analysis of medium-term adherence after the implementation of a cardiac rehabilitation program

Resumen Objetivo: Los programas de rehabilitación cardiaca (PRC) son una excelente herramienta para lograr adherencia al cumplimiento terapéutico. El objetivo fue analizar la adherencia a medio plazo e identificar predictores de mala adherencia al cumplimiento farmacológico y a los cambios en el estilo de vida. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de 100 pacientes remitidos a un PRC en 2018 tras un síndrome coronario agudo (SCA). En la revisión al año se analizó la adherencia a la dieta, al ejercicio físico y la deshabituación tabáquica. Se consideró adherencia óptima si se cumplían los tres ítems. Se estudió el cumplimiento farmacológico empleando el test de Morisky-Green. Se analizaron los predictores de mala adherencia mediante análisis de regresión lineal/logística. Resultados: El 98% de los pacientes presentaron adherencia aceptable a la dieta mediterránea, el 83% buena adherencia al ejercicio físico y el 79% de los fumadores consiguieron dejar de fumar. Respecto a la adherencia farmacológica, el 97% de los pacientes la cumplió de forma correcta. En conjunto consiguieron una adherencia óptima el 68% de los pacientes. La nacionalidad de Europa del este, el sedentarismo y los programas no presenciales fueron predictores de mala adherencia. Los pacientes más jóvenes y la profesión de «cuello azul¼ mostraron tendencia a mala adherencia, aunque no de forma significativa. Conclusiones: En nuestro entorno existe una buena adherencia a los cambios de estilo de vida y al cumplimiento farmacológico en pacientes que tras un SCA completan un PRC. La nacionalidad Europea del este, el sedentarismo y los programas no presenciales se asociaron con mala adherencia.

Abstract Objectives: Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs (CRP) are an excellent tool to achieve adherence to therapeutic. The aim of our study was analyzing at the medium-term adherence, as well as identifying low adherence predictors to pharmacological therapeutic compliance and changes in lifestyle. Methods: Retrospective study of 100 patients referred to a CRP in 2018 after presenting ACS. At the one-year review adherence to diet, physical exercise, and smoking cessation were analyzed. Optimal adherence was considered if all three items were met. Compliance with taking medication was also studied using the Morisky-Green test. Finally, low adherence predictors were analyzed by lineal/logistic regression analysis. Results: 98% of the patients presented acceptable adherence to the Mediterranean diet, 83% good adherence to physical exercise, and 79% of the smokers achieved the cessation of smoking. Regarding drug adherence, 97% of the patients complied correctly. 68% of the patients achieved good overall adherence. Eastern European nationality, sedentary lifestyle, and home-based CRP were predictors of low adherence. The youngest patients and the "blue collar" occupation showed a tendency to poor adherence, although not significantly. Conclusions: In our environment there is good medium-term adherence to lifestyle changes and pharmacological compliance in patients who complete CRP after ACS. Eastern European nationality, sedentary lifestyle, and home-based programs were associated with poor adherence.

Analysis of medium-term adherence after the implementation of a cardiac rehabilitation program.

OBJECTIVES: Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs (CRP) are an excellent tool to achieve adherence to therapeutic. The aim of our study was analyzing at the medium-term adherence, as well as identifying low adherence predictors to pharmacological therapeutic compliance and changes in lifestyle. METHODS: Retrospective study of 100 patients referred to a CRP in 2018 after presenting ACS. At the one-year review adherence to diet, physical exercise, and smoking cessation were analyzed. Optimal adherence was considered if all three items were met. Compliance with taking medication was also studied using the Morisky-Green test. Finally, low adherence predictors were analyzed by lineal/logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: 98% of the patients presented acceptable adherence to the Mediterranean diet, 83% good adherence to physical exercise, and 79% of the smokers achieved the cessation of smoking. Regarding drug adherence, 97% of the patients complied correctly. 68% of the patients achieved good overall adherence. Eastern European nationality, sedentary lifestyle, and home-based CRP were predictors of low adherence. The youngest patients and the "blue collar" occupation showed a tendency to poor adherence, although not significantly. CONCLUSIONS: In our environment there is good medium-term adherence to lifestyle changes and pharmacological compliance in patients who complete CRP after ACS. Eastern European nationality, sedentary lifestyle, and home-based programs were associated with poor adherence.

OBJETIVO: Los programas de rehabilitación cardiaca (PRC) son una excelente herramienta para lograr adherencia al cumplimiento terapéutico. El objetivo fue analizar la adherencia a medio plazo e identificar predictores de mala adherencia al cumplimiento farmacológico y a los cambios en el estilo de vida. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo de 100 pacientes remitidos a un PRC en 2018 tras un síndrome coronario agudo (SCA). En la revisión al año se analizó la adherencia a la dieta, al ejercicio físico y la deshabituación tabáquica. Se consideró adherencia óptima si se cumplían los tres ítems. Se estudió el cumplimiento farmacológico empleando el test de Morisky-Green. Se analizaron los predictores de mala adherencia mediante análisis de regresión lineal/logística. RESULTADOS: El 98% de los pacientes presentaron adherencia aceptable a la dieta mediterránea, el 83% buena adherencia al ejercicio físico y el 79% de los fumadores consiguieron dejar de fumar. Respecto a la adherencia farmacológica, el 97% de los pacientes la cumplió de forma correcta. En conjunto consiguieron una adherencia óptima el 68% de los pacientes. La nacionalidad de Europa del este, el sedentarismo y los programas no presenciales fueron predictores de mala adherencia. Los pacientes más jóvenes y la profesión de «cuello azul¼ mostraron tendencia a mala adherencia, aunque no de forma significativa. CONCLUSIONES: En nuestro entorno existe una buena adherencia a los cambios de estilo de vida y al cumplimiento farmacológico en pacientes que tras un SCA completan un PRC. La nacionalidad Europea del este, el sedentarismo y los programas no presenciales se asociaron con mala adherencia.